Indonesia

Indonesia's republican form of government includes an elected legislature and president. Indonesia has 34 provinces, of which five have Special Administrative status. Its capital and country's most populous city is Jakarta; which is also the most populous city in Southeast Asia and the second in Asia.^[12][13] The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia. Other neighbouring countries include Singapore, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and the Indian territory of theAndaman and Nicobar Islands.
Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's second highest level of biodiversity. The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas, tin,copper and gold. Agriculture mainly produces rice, palm oil, tea, coffee, cacao, medicinal plants, spices and rubber.^[14] Indonesia's major trading partners are Japan, United States, China and the surrounding countries of Singapore, Malaysia and Australia.Indonesia , is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largestisland country, with more than thirteen thousand islands.^[8][9] At 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles), Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area.^[10] It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesiannation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country.^[11] The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country's population.

The Indonesian archipelago has been an important region for trade since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then laterMajapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders and Sufi scholars brought the now-dominant Islam,^[15][16] while European powers broughtChristianity and fought one another to monopolise trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism starting from Amboina and Batavia, and eventually all of the archipelago including Timor andWest Papua, at times interrupted by Portuguese, French and British rule, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia also take a part to support Africa and Asian nations to oppose against any colonialism or neocolonialism.^[17]

Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups. The largest – and politically dominant – ethnic group are the Javanese. A shared identity has developed, defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesia's national motto, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika"("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country. The Indonesian economy is the world's16th largest by nominal GDP and the 8th largest by GDP at PPP, and considered as Emerging markets and Newly industrialised country. Indonesia has been a member of the United Nations since 1950.^[18] Indonesia was the founder of Non-Aligned Movement; and also the founding member of Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, East Asia Summit, andOrganisation of Islamic Cooperation. Indonesia is a member of the G20 major economies, OPEC, and World Trade Organization.